Although, even though, despite, in spite of - အသံုးအႏႈန္းမ်ား

although,  even though, despite, in spite of - အသံုးအႏႈန္းမ်ား

although,  even though, despite, in spite of - " ေသာ္လည္း။ ေသာ္ျငားလည္း။ သို႔ေသာ္လည္း " ဟုအဓိပၸါယ္အတူတူပင္ျဖစ္သည္။ ဒါေပမယ့္ အသံုးျပဳနည္းကေတာ့ လံုးဝကိုမတူပါဘူး။ ဘာေၾကာင့္လဲဆိုေတာ့ although ႏွင့္ even though တို႔ဟာ စကားဆက္ (Conjunction) ျဖစ္ျဖစ္တယ္။ အတိအက်ေျပာရရင္ေတာ့ Subordinating Conjunction  ဟုေခၚတယ္။ despite ႏွင့္ in spite of တို႔ကေတာ့ ဝိဘတ္ (preposition)  ျဖစ္လို႔ပါပဲ။ သဒၵါနည္းအရ Conjunction နဲ႔ Phrase တုိ႔ အသံုးျပဳပံု အသံုးျပဳနည္း လံုးဝကိုျခားနားလွပါတယ္။

although,  even though တို႔ျဖင့္ေရးသားထားေသာ ဝါက်တို႔ကို Complex Sentence (ခက္ခဲရႈပ္ေထြးေသာဝါက်) ဟုေခၚတယ္။ Clause အမ်ဳိးအစားအေနျဖင့္ဆိုရင္ေတာ့ Adverbial Clause (ႀကိယာဝိေသသနဝါက်) အမ်ဳိးအစားျဖစ္ၿပီး၊ ႀကိယာဝိေသသနဝါက်အမ်ဳိးအစားတို႔တြင္ Adverbial Clause of Concession/ Contrast အမ်ဳိးအစားျဖစ္၏။

despite, in spite of တို႔ျဖင့္ေျပာင္းလဲေရးသားလိုက္ပါ Simple Sentence (ရိုးရိုးဝါက်) ျဖစ္သြားတယ္။ ေဖာ္မ်ဴလာကိုေလ့လာၾကည့္ၾကရေအာင္။

Though/ Even though + Sentence (S+V+ O.....) , Sentence (S+V+O...)
Despite / In spite of + V-ing / Noun....., Sentence (S+V+O...)

Sentence (S+V+O...) though/ even though + Sentence (S+V+ O.....)
Sentence (S+V+O...)  despite / in spite of + V-ing / Noun.....

အထူးမွတ္သားဖို႔က
Conjunction ရဲ့ေနာက္က Sentence အၿမဲလိုက္တယ္ (Conjunction+ Sentence (S+V+O..) ။ Preposition ရဲ့ေနာက္မွာေတာ့ Noun ပုဒ္ သို႔မဟုတ္ V-ing သာလိုက္တယ္ (Preposition + Noun/ V-ing...)။ although,  even though, despite, in spite of တို႔ကို ဝါက်ရဲ့အစတြင္ေရးသားေသာအခါ အလယ္တြင္ေကာ္မာ Comma (,) ထည့္ေပးရၿပီး၊ ၄င္းတို႔အား ေနာက္တြင္ထားက ေကာ္မာ Comma (,) ထည့္ရန္မလိုအပ္ေပ။

ဥပမာ။ ။

Even though he's a millionaire, he lives in a very small flat. (Complex Sentence)
>> Despite / in spite of being a millionaire, he lives in a very small flat. (Simple Sentence)
သူသည္ သန္းၾကြယ္သူေဌးတစ္ဦးျဖစ္ေသာ္လည္း တိုက္ခန္းေသးေသးေလးတစ္ခန္းမွာေနတယ္။

He lives in a very small flat even though he's a millionaire.
>> He lives in a very small flat despite / in spite of being a millionaire.
သူသည္ သန္းၾကြယ္သူေဌးတစ္ဦးျဖစ္ေသာ္လည္း တိုက္ခန္းေသးေသးေလးတစ္ခန္းမွာေနတယ္။

Although / even though he's much older than the others, he won the race.
>> Despite / in spite of being much older than the others, he won the race.
သူသည္ အျခားသူမ်ားထက္ အသက္အရြယ္ႀကီးေနၿပီျဖစ္ေသာ္လည္း ၿပိဳင္ပြဲတြင္ အႏိုင္ရရွိခဲ့တယ္။

He won the race although / even though he's much older than the others.
>> He won the race despite / in spite of being much older than the others.
သူသည္ အျခားသူမ်ားထက္ အသက္အရြယ္ႀကီးေနၿပီျဖစ္ေသာ္လည္း ၿပိဳင္ပြဲတြင္ အႏိုင္ရရွိခဲ့တယ္။

Even though / although it rained a lot, I enjoyed the holiday.
>> Despite / in spite of the rain, I enjoyed the holiday.
မိုးသည္းထန္စြာရြာသြန္းေနခဲ့ေသာ္လည္း ကၽြန္ေတာ္ကေတာ့ အားလပ္ရက္မွာ ေပ်ာ္ရႊင္ခဲ့ပါတယ္။

Even though / although they have a lot of money, they're still not happy.
>> Despite / in spite of their money, they're still not happy.
သူတို႔ဟာ ပိုက္ဆံတစ္ပံုႀကီးရွိၾကေပမယ့္ (ခုထိ)မေပ်ာ္ရႊင္ၾကပါဘူး။

Even though/ though it was the heavy traffic (the trafic was heavy), we got there on time.
>> Despite/ In spite of the heavy traffic, we got there on time. Or
>> In spite of / despite the traffic being heavy, we got there on time.
မီးပြဳိင့္ေတြ တအားပိတ္ေနခဲ့ေပမယ့္ ငါတို႔ အခ်ိန္ကိုက္ေရာက္ခဲ့တယ္။

မွတ္ခ်က္။  ။ 

Though/ Even Though + S+ V+ Adj တို႔ျဖင့္ေရးသားေသာအခါ Despite/ In spite of +being+ Adj ပံုစံအတိုင္းေရးသားႏိုင္သကဲ့သို႔ Adj ကို Noun ေျပာင္းၿပီး Despite/ In spite of + Noun ပံုစံျဖင့္လည္း ေရးသားႏိုင္သည္။ ေအာက္ပါ ဝါက်တို႔ေလ့လာၾကည့္ပါ။

Adjective ကို Noun သို႔ေျပာင္းပံု (အဘိဓာန္ကိုရွာၾကည့္ဖို႔တိုက္တြန္းပါတယ္)
rich (adj) >> richness (N)
poor (adj) >> poverty (N)
young (adj) >> youth (N)
healthy (adj) >> health (N)
clever (adj) >> cleverness (N)

Though/ Even though he is rich, he is not conceited.
>> Despite/ In spite of richness, he is not conceited. Or
>> Despite/ In spite of being rich, he is not conceited.
ခ်မ္းသာေပမယ့္ သူက မာနမႀကီးဘူး။

He is not conceited even though/ though he is rich.
>> He is not conceited despite/ in spite of richness. Or
>> He is not conceited despite/ in spite of being rich.
ခ်မ္းသာေပမယ့္ သူက မာနမႀကီးဘူး။

Though/ Even though San San is a teacher, she is not conceited.
>> Despite/ In spite of a teacher, San San is not conceited. Or
>> Despite/ In spite of being a teacher, San San is not conceited.
ဆရာမတစ္ေယာက္ျဖစ္ေပမယ့္ စန္းစမ္းဟာ မာနမႀကီးဘူး။

She is not kind to the patients though/ even though she is a nurse.
She is not kind to the patients despite/ in spite of being a nurse.
She is not kind to the patients despite/ in spite of a nurse.
သူမဟာ သူနာျပဳဆရာမတစ္ေယာက္ျဖစ္ေသာ္လည္း လူနာေတြကို ၾကင္နာမႈမရွိဘူး။


အထူးမွတ္ခ်က္။  ။ 
In spite of the fact that  သို႔မဟုတ္ despite the fact that တို႔ျဖင့္ေရးသားလိုက ၄င္းတို႔ေနာက္က Sentence သာလိုက္ရသည္ (In spite of / despite the fact that + S+V+0.....) ။ Complex Sentence ျဖစ္၏။

In spite of / despite the fact that he is much older than the others, he won the race.
>>> In spite of / despite being much older than the others, he won the race.
သူသည္ အျခားသူမ်ားထက္ အသက္အရြယ္ႀကီးေနၿပီျဖစ္ေသာ္လည္း ၿပိဳင္ပြဲတြင္ အႏိုင္ရရွိခဲ့တယ္။

အားလံုးကိုေက်းဇူးတင္ပါတယ္။

____အေကာင္ေခ် (ေက်ာက္ရိုး)

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